Corneal opacities, diabetic retinopathy, trachoma, and pediatric ocular disorders such as cataract, retinopathy of prematurity and vitamin A deficiency represent other major causes. The leading causes of blindness in the world in order of frequency are: cataract, uncorrected refractive error, glaucoma and age related macular degeneration. About 85% of all visual impairment and 75% of blindness is avoidable globally.Correction of refractive errors could give normal vision to more than 12 million children (ages five to 15).Cataract remains the leading cause of blindness globally, except in the most developed countries.The number of people blinded by infectious diseases has been greatly reduced, but age-related impairment is increasing.About 87% of the world's visually impaired live in developing countries.Most people with visual impairment are older (82% of the visually impaired are 50 years of age or older), and females are more at risk at every age, in every part of the world.About 314 million people are visually impaired worldwide 45 million of them are blind.According to the World Health Organization Fact Sheet updated in May 2009, Although there have been great successes in the prevention and treatment of infectious ocular diseases, the worldwide burden of visual impairment remains a significant global public health problem.
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